Beam-Beam Effect :: essays research papers

Pillar shaft impact, or bar collaboration, is an ongoing exploration being led over numerous regions all through the world, from European research facilities to American Institutes. Fundamentally the issue includes the going through of proton bundles which brings about a wide range of sorts of impact, in some cases including the unforeseen. Beside the shooting of particles across each other, normally the crash pace of the protons creates a specific measure of vitality. Today, the issue is to concentrate on altering new colliders to upgrade the viability of the machines. The investigation of the bar shaft impact includes molecule colliders which decides the crash pace of protons. One of the normally utilized collider is the LHC, which represents Large Hadron Collider. The LHC is a quickening agent which brings protons and particles into impacts at higher energies than at any other time accomplished previously. This will permit researchers to enter despite everything further into the structure of issue and reproduce the conditions winning in the early universe, soon after the "big bang". It is spoken to by a thick gaussian focal point, and the ring is depicted by a ninth request Taylor map. At the single-molecule level we contrast the dynamic gap and without the bar shaft impact. At the multiparticle level, utilizing a "strong-strong" portrayal of the shaft bar cooperation, we contrast the crash rate and a direct grid map and with the full nonlinear guide. The LHC is being utilized at CERN, the world's biggest mater ial science place for molecule material science investigating what matter is made of, and what powers hold it together. Various models for this impact have been directed previously, however the vast majority of them regularly disregarded longitudinal movements of the particles, implying that they just search for consistent state arrangements, or expected one bar contained a bigger number of particles. These are normally known as "weak-strong" reenactments. The LHC being created is a "strong-strong" reproduction in that it treats the two shafts similarly and permits them to have self-assertive relative qualities. It is dynamic in that it displays the movement on a turn-by-turn premise searching for rational motions in the shaft shape. It utilizes an assortment of strategies for registering the electric fields so it can run as fast as conceivable in every circumstance it experiences. Inside the LHC, as a rule there is a capacity ring going about as quickening agent that impact the lots of particles over and over by putting away the bundles in the collider all through a specific measure of time. When shooting out the particles, the collider focuses on an extremely high crash rate, or radiance.

The Effects of One-Child Policy on Chinese Kinship

Burt Jiang Anthropology 331 4/22/2013 Term Paper The inceptions of Chinese progress get its underlying foundations from the Huang-he and Yangtze Rivers. Like other old stream valley civic establishments, these two waterways furnished early Chinese pioneers with the crude materials important to support culture and society. Thriving from little, dispersed tribes, self-governing gatherings of Chinese towns arranged around the streams would thus turn into the structure squares of the old Chinese lines to the present day, People’s Republic of China.The arrangement of families turned into a powerful technique for distinguishing one’s own ancestry through the support of a solitary last name all through the faction. As the social structure of the faction developed, the unpredictable connections among group and non-family individuals in the long run synergized to make China’s own type of connection. Anthropologists have since come to order Chinese connection under the mor e extensive term of Sudanese family relationship. The Sudanese, and by expansion Chinese, connection is viewed as the most perplexing framework with a different assignment for pretty much all of ego’s kinfolk dependent on age, ancestry, relative age, and gender.As watched, the Chinese family relationship framework as of now has a carefully characterized plan of family ID, yet the monikers just fill in as a layout of China’s connection framework. The genuine spine of Chinese connection draws its source from Confucian standards, beliefs that have been profoundly imbued in Chinese authoritative opinion since the late fifth century B. C. Among his lessons of dutiful devotion and progenitor venerate, Confucius traces for the Chinese individuals the five most fundamental collaborations: cooperations among ruler and subject; father and child; senior and more youthful sibling; a couple; and between friends.Of the five connections, the associations between father-child, and spo use wife, have seen the best measure of advancement and change all through to course of China’s history. As China left the medieval age and entered the advanced world as The People’s Republic of China, the two associations distinguished experienced impressive changes while keeping up their mark Chinese inflection. Medieval China’s takeoff, and the approach of socialist China, has delivered fast family change and at last, the commencement of the One-Child Policy. Indeed, even despite quick modernization and change, the trong impacts of Confucian beliefs and an inherent patrilineal drop design despite everything describe Chinese connection; be that as it may, the presentation of the One-Child Policy, and its implications, has put weight on the conventional Chinese family structures just as potentially making a lot more issues people in the future must fathom. Of all the pseudo-strict establishments that grabbed hold in China, Daoism and Zen Buddhism, most striking ly, the idea of progenitor adore set forth by Confucius is by a wide margin the most universal in Chinese culture and connection relationships.Defined by the nine agnates, Confucius took incredible endeavors to plot the family unit as unmistakably as could reasonably be expected, three ages before the self image, the sense of self, and three ages after the inner self. Inside the nine agnates, familial love and obedient devotion turned into the main thrusts that sustained connection collaborations in China for ages. In this manner frames the repetitive pattern of Chinese family relationship, the more youthful ages are kept in line by the standards of obedient devotion while the more established age is kept in memory and love by means of familial worship.The significance of progenitor love can be conceptualized and emerged through the intricate grieving clothing and customs displayed by the Chinese individuals. Much like the suru’ai of Kwaio, people in grieving must show no com mon connection, must not be found in broad daylight, must have keep away from sexual movement, and by and large should carry on with an existence of separation all through the grieving time frame (Akin March 11). The grieving time frame is characterized by the relationship of the griever to the person that has died; thus, the term of this period can go from a quarter of a year to three years dependent on the quality of the bond shared.During a period of grieving, people should likewise wear supplementing clothing to imply which phase of grieving he/she is in; henceforth the clothing has developed into the five degrees of grieving clothing. Chinese grieving customs were paid attention to very inside the tribes and the demonstration of proposing to an individual showing any phase of the five degrees of grieving clothing was viewed as exceptionally improper and no-no. Customs of progenitor venerate, such as grieving functions and clothing, serve to underscore the significance of the pr ecursors to the Chinese people.The sterility, and structure, of the grieving time frame is an amazing case of the worship Chinese people hold for their expired family; to interfere with the change from individual to predecessor is as yet considered profoundly ill bred and no-no even in current China. Predecessor adore gives an expansive cover of devotion for the Chinese connection framework. The significance of predecessor adore is to keep whole groups together, however the littler familial units require a power progressively viable and exact.Within the family unit, Confucius saw the insight to consider another perfect that supplements the thought of precursor love, that thought being obedient devotion. Dutiful devotion, thusly, gives the develop in which the five connections, plot prior, can be for all intents and purposes kept up and propagated. Confucius’ relationship of father and child is kept steady by the intensity of obedient devotion. More youthful ages are instructe d to regard and notice the exhortation of their ancestors. Thusly, this communication makes a fantastically organized family relationship framework in which dutifulness is special to individuality.The rules characterized by obedient devotion finished in the composed archive known as The Great Qing Legal Code, presented during the Qing Dynasty, 1644 to 1912. This record not just gave, in extraordinary detail, the laws and codes with respect to connection bonds on every one of the five degrees of relationship, however it additionally incorporated the disciplines if those securities were broken or tried by wrongdoing (Jones 29). Crime was in this manner rebuffed all the more harshly if the wrongdoing carried out was inside the faction, and further increased if the offense was perpetrated against a higher positioning individual.The significance of maintaining the family relationship relations set out by Confucius can be found in the Code’s discipline for breaking the as a matter of first importance relationship of ruler and subject. Discipline for breaking China’s most significant bond brought about what is known as: â€Å"The annihilation of nine kindreds†. Any person who submits conspiracy against his/her head would be dependent upon the total destruction of his/her nine agnates, viably deleting that individual’s bloodline (Jones 16).This extraordinarily unmistakable discipline streamed down, with lesser seriousness, to the next four connections, and eventually underlined the significance of unwaveringness to kinfolk and sovereign. Obedient piety’s hugeness is additionally worried in the dad child relationship due to China’s early fondness to the patrilineal plunge framework, echoes from the country’s establishes in the family structure. Since no one but guys can tolerate and protect the family last name, reliability of the child to the dad got basic in a patrilineal plunge system.In request to guarantee the linea ge’s continuation, deliberately organized relationships between families would ascend as the bleeding edge arrangement. Chinese connection, in the same way as other different frameworks, depends on the establishment of marriage as extension between two groups of individuals. Perceived in Confucian lessons, a wedded couple is viewed as the most fundamental social unit from which different connections stem. In Chinese culture, relationships were commonly organized by an intermediary who might favor the association. After the marriage, the spouse would be consolidated into the husband’s family; hence bringing about the significance of the creation of children to keep the family surname.Throughout history, Chinese relationships and connection spun around the creation of practical children to convey the family name. Like Kwaio social orders, fruitfulness of the mother end up being of foremost significance while assessing a marriage relationship (Akin February 20). It is imp erative to observe, in any case, that while monogamy was the acknowledged practice, polygamy picked up conspicuousness in royal families that couldn't deliver a solid male beneficiary, an issue settled likewise by sustain connection (Akin January 23).Once wedded, separate from was conceivable just if the spouse was demonstrated to have occupied with one of these seven offenses: inability to watch obedient devotion to the parent-parents in law, inability to hold up under a child, reliably revolting or scurrilous, harbors envy, has an abominable illness, talks excessively, or submits a robbery. Albeit irregular to western social orders, tattle is seen as a toxin to families and tribes on account of its characteristic proclivity to overstatement and creation. Patrilineal descent’s significance can be plainly seen in marriage ceremonies as separation is just conceivable if the female neglects to create a child or submits other errs.There are, be that as it may, three particular c ircumstances in which a spouse is ensured invulnerability from a separation, those three circumstances being: the wife has no family to come back to, the wife has watched an entire multi year grieving period for her parent-in-law, or if her better half was poor during marriage and is at present riches. Related to precursor love, obedient devotion, and the organized marriage framework, Chinese family relationship has built up these three trademark columns to defend solid connection obligations of father-child and spouse wife from one age to the next.Although just quickly referenced before, the wedding services themselves are a demonstration of the excess and significance of a choice, for example, union with the Chinese individuals. Sorted by the six behaviors, Chinese wedding

Return of the Nance Effect

Return of the Nance Effect (The Summer Update Edition!) Greetings to all! Can you feel that? Summer is slipping away and the crisp New England weather is looming just around the corner. (Funny I say that even though Boston had a heat index of 106 degrees last week.) As we get closer to September the class of 2010 prepares to take their place as matriculated students at MIT, and future classes, especially the class of 2011, are preparing to run the gauntlet known as the college application process. In some ways this entry represents the changing of the guard for The Nance Effect. Many more of those reading and posting to this blog will be new or first time Bloggers. To you I say welcome! Come on in, the water is just fine. I hope that you will not hesitate to throw your two cents in to any and all conversations. This is, after all, a community designed for and about you. When I began to blog a little more than a year ago I wrote the following: My blog will hopefully give you a backstage pass to the theater of the absurd, better known as College Admissions. Instead I will discuss real issues that affect minorities and the college application process. Does that mean that you have to be a minority to glean wisdom from, or participate in, this blog? Au contraire, mon frere! This is a place to recognize and support all diversity with particular sensitivity to the African American, Latina/o, and Native American communities. I cant promise you the answers to all of your questions remember, the only way out is to THINK your way out. Enough said. Lets get down to business. This blog is designed so that we all learn from each other. Remember: a sense of humor never hurts! To those of you who are returning as veterans of The Nance Nance Revolution, welcome back! Please continue to do what youve always done inform and entertain us with your experiences and tell us about your life in general. I would be remiss if I did not also welcome parents to our little corner of cyberspace! As always, we have reserved a place at the table for you. Just remember, unlike Thanksgiving dinner, the priority goes to the Kids Table. Lets get this party started right! Remember Mrs. Browns second grade class? The first day was spent with each student in the class standing up in front telling everyone how he or she spent the summer. Well, Im going old school on you. Ill start Show Tell with how I spent my summer solstice. (Unlike most of you, the admissions office is forced to work through the heat.) Consider this your first assignment. Be sure to tell us how you spent your summer. If you are new, be sure to introduce yourself! Again, welcome to NNR! Here are a few pix from my summer I had the pleasure of working with the MITES students this summer. Here are a few photos from their ice cream social: [] [] [] I rubbed elbows with the Class of 2010 students who attended Project Interphase this summer. (Unfortunately, I dont have any candid shots of the group, but I do have this really cool official-like photo: [] In addition to working with students on the MIT campus I also attended several college fairs. The largest was held at Columbia University, in New York City on July 19th. Here are a few more pics: [] [] I played in the backyard with my kids (Miles and McKinley) [] [] I CLEANED RELOCATED MY OFFICE! Before [] After [] Finally, I celebrated my 40th birthday. Ben will post photos of that here soon. :-)

Their Eyes Were Watching God - 1110 Words

â€Å"She was seeking confirmation of the voice and vision, and everywhere she found and acknowledged answers. A personal answer for all other creations except herself. She felt an answer seeking her, but where? When? How?† (Hurston 11). This quote exemplifies Janie’s desire for answers throughout her three relationships, displaying what she is longingly seeking for in life. Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, follows the life of protagonist Janie Crawford, a confident, middle-aged black woman who goes throughout life discovering her quest for spiritual enlightenment and self-discovery. In the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston explains the hardships as ideas of maturity, sexism, and social class. Throughout the novel, Hurston describes Janie as a young woman with a compelling desire for seeking unconditional love. As Janie searches for her inner self, she begins life not knowing who she is. Janie endures harsh judgment from many people throug hout the novel, which help build the qualities of independence and strength. Throughout everything she has learned, she matured and transitioned from a defiant teenager, to a woman in complete possession of herself. Janie s quest for the â€Å"horizon† of herself finally lead her to a place in which she is defined, despite the society who denies her power because of her black ethnicity. The â€Å"horizon† demonstrates the distance one must travel in order to distinguish between illusion and reality, dream and truth, role andShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God1064 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant than death. In Zora Neale Hurston’s famous novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character Janie Crawford is plagued by the deaths of loved ones. Janie moves from caregiver to caregiver searching for true love and happiness, only to have it stripped away from her once she finds it in her third husband Tea Cake. At the end of the novel, having realiz ed true love and loss, Janie is a whole woman. Their Eyes Were Watching God portrays the growth of the human spirit through both the emotionalRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1780 Words   |  8 Pagesshort story â€Å"Sweat† and novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the focus is on women who want better lives but face difficult struggles before gaining them. The difficulties involving men which Janie and Delia incur result from or are exacerbated by the intersection of their class, race, and gender, which restrict each woman for a large part of her life from gaining her independence. Throughout a fair part of Zora Neal Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie’s low class create problemsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God932 Words   |  4 PagesJanie Crawford: The Woman Whose Clothing Conveys Her Relationships In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, the protagonist, Janie, endures two marriages before finding true love. In each of Janie’s marriages, a particular article of clothing is used to symbolically reflect, not only her attitude at different phases in her life, but how she is treated in each relationship. In Janie’s first marriage with Logan Killicks, an apron is used to symbolize the obligation in her marriage. â€Å"Read More Eyes Were Watching God Essay711 Words   |  3 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God provides an enlightening look at the journey of a quot;complete, complex, undiminished human beingquot;, Janie Crawford. Her story, based on self-exploration, self-empowerment, and self-liberation, details her loss and attainment of her innocence and freedom as she constantly learns and grows from her experiences with gender issues, racism, and life. The story centers around an important theme; that personal discoveries and life experiences help a person findRead MoreAnalysis Of Their Eyes Were Watching God 1061 Words   |  5 PagesDivision: Janie Crawford in Their Eyes Were Watching God Their Eyes Were Watching God was written in 1937 by Zora Neale Hurston. This story follows a young girl by the name of Janie Crawford. Janie Crawford lived with her grandmother in Eatonville, Florida. Janie was 16 Years old when her grandmother caught her kissing a boy out in the yard. After seeing this her grandmother told her she was old enough to get married, and tells her she has found her a husband by the name of Logan. Logan was a muchRead More Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pages Their Eyes Were Watching God Book Report 1. Title: Their Eyes Were Watching God 2. Author/Date Written: Zora Neale Hurston/1937 3. Country of Author: 4. Characters Janie Mae Crawford- The book’s main character. She is a very strong willed, independent person. She is able to defy a low class, unhappy life because of these factors, even though the environment that she grew up and lived in was never on her side. Pheoby Watson – Janie’s best friend in Eatonville. Pheoby is the only towns person whoRead MoreWhose eyes were watching God?1400 Words   |  6 PagesWhose eyes were watching God? In the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God, Oprah Winfrey manipulates events that happened in the book by Zora Neale Hurston. Oprah morphs many relationships in the movie Their Eyes Were Watching God. She changes the role of gender, and also makes changes in Janie’s character strength. Oprah also changes the symbolism in the movie to where some important symbols in the book change to less important roles. Oprah changes many important events in the book Their Eyes WereRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesTHEIR EYES WERE WATCHING GOD ESSAY  ¬Ã‚ ¬ Janie Crawford is surrounded by outward influences that contradict her independence and personal development. These outward influences from society, her grandma, and even significant others contribute to her curiosity. Tension builds between outward conformity and inward questioning, allowing Zora Neal Hurston to illustrate the challenge of choice and accountability that Janie faces throughout the novel. Janie’s Grandma plays an important outward influenceRead MoreEssay on Their Eyes Were Watching God921 Words   |  4 PagesTheir Eyes Were Watching God An Analysis So many people in modern society have lost their voices. Laryngitis is not the cause of this sad situation-- they silence themselves, and have been doing so for decades. For many, not having a voice is acceptable socially and internally, because it frees them from the responsibility of having to maintain opinions. For Janie Crawford, it was not: she finds her voice among those lost within the pages of Zora Neale Hurston’s famed novel, Their Eyes Were WatchingRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Hurston Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesHurston In the novel â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† by Zora Neal Hurston is about a young woman named Janie Crawford who goes on a journey of self discovery to find her independence. The book touches on many themes like gender roles, relations, independence and racism however racism isn’t mainly focused upon in the book which some writers felt should have been. Some felt that the representation of black characters should have been better role models. Zora Hurston’s novel wasn’t like other black literature

Vaccines Changing History - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1577 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Vaccines Essay Did you like this example?   Modern vaccines have been around for over a century, with the idea of vaccinations going back to ancient China and India. Most credit Edward Jenner for creating the first smallpox vaccine in the early 1770s; however, he is simply the first to do a scientific experiment and document the process.   Louis Pasteurs work would pave the way for the concept of modern vaccinations.   Doctors and scientists continue to find ways to prevent diseases causing disability and death.   Without vaccinations, many would continue to suffer diseases and the long-term effects related to them.   By preventing these illnesses, and related disabilities and death, vaccines allow people to grow and have healthy productive lives.   Especially in todays truly global economy where extensive travel is extremely common for large portions of the worlds population due to work, education or pleasure.   Although allegations of negative side effects plague the vaccination process, vaccinations continue to help today prevent illness, diseases, and death making it one of the most important events in world history.  . Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Vaccines Changing History" essay for you Create order The idea of vaccinations has been around for thousands of years.   Vaccination introduces a particular disease or illness†into a patients body.   The idea is that if the patient is subsequently exposed to a full dose of the pathogen in the future then the vaccination will have trained their natural immune system to attack and destroy it. (Parsons, 97) Ancient Indian texts talked about building immunity to illnesses.   During the Medieval era, China found a way to expose people to smallpox scabs to lessen the likelihood they would contract smallpox or at least have a severe case of smallpox.   Centuries later, English Lady Mary Montagu visited Constantinople and saw natives exposing people to smallpox to lessen the severity or existence of the disease.   Returning to England, she sought help to explore this.   Edward Jenner explored the idea of vaccination for smallpox through experiments with cowpox; however, he hated the unpredictability of exposing people to a dis ease where he could not control the severity if they got it.   Obviously, smallpox was a deadly disease in populations who continued to struggle with outbreaks, but it devastated new populations, like Native Americans, who had no prior exposure to it.   There civilizations had no immunities to the disease; therefore, entire populations were annihilated during the height of European exploration.   The precursor to the modern-day flu, the Spanish Influenza was horrific.   No other epidemic has claimed as many lives as the Spanish Influenza epidemic in 1918-1919 worldwide. (Influenza Pandemics) It is estimated between 40-70 million people died from the Spanish Influenza.   Sadly, an effective flu vaccine would not be developed for many years; however, health leaders have a plan in place should an outbreak like this happen again.  Ã‚   Polio is another disease that literally crippled the population.   When outbreaks occurred, many people lived with symptoms of varying strengths for the rest of their lives.   This disease caused muscle and joint issues which developed into serious disabilities over the years, paralysis, and even death.   In addition, yellow fever ran rampant throughout areas populations causing illness, liver disease and failure resulting in death.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fact that these examples of diseases are virtually unheard of in the United States and around the world substantiates the point that vaccines work to keep people healthier.   The last natural case of small pox occurred in 1977.   The World Health Organization has declared this disease eradicated and the vaccine has been retired.   On March 14, 2018 the World Health Organization also published on their polio fact sheet that rates of polio throughout the world have decreased 99% down to 22 reported cases in 2017 and two of three strains have been eradicated throughout the world.   The vaccine for yellow fever is on the World Health Organizations List of Essential Medicines.   These statistics speaks volume for the success of these vaccines and the quality of life for those who remain healthy rather than suffering from any of these diseases.   The future of vaccines continues to progress.   Doctors still research vaccines for diseases that plague the world at large like malaria.   There is a pill for prevention and treatment; however, no effective vaccine.   In the last 30 years, doctors have worked to develop a human papillomavirus (HPV) which has effectively proven to help prevent certain forms of cancer. Researchers hope to find more vaccines for more cancers and other deadly diseases like AIDS which have no known cures.   The effectiveness of vaccines is not shown through the number of deaths, but the decreasing frequency of disease occurrences.   Statistics consistently show remarkable decreases in the occurrence of diseases with vaccines in areas where vaccines are used.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With all this supporting the use and success of vaccines, there are still groups who not only do not vaccinate, but also advocate against vaccinations.   There are many reasons but two of the most common are safety concerns and political issues.   There is a growing movement that claim vaccinations cause autism.   Concerns caused Japan to ban the MMR vaccine in the early 1990s.   Dr. Hideo Honda conducted a study that showed autism rates are continuing to rise even though the vaccine has been banned in that country. In Japanese Study is more evidence that MMR does not cause autism, Andrew Cole quotes, In the United Kingdom Evan Harris, a member of the House of Commons science and technology select committee, stated The problem is that you cannot prove a negative. The people making a link are not using rational arguments, so the usual scientific approach will never convince them, and they will continue to lobby in the media.   The point is that when children and family healt h is at risk, people are emotional and look for someone to blame for illness or disability. Currently, not one single study can show direct causation between vaccination and autism; however, groups opposed to vaccines grow each year and continue to lobby Congress and the media to protect children by ceasing vaccinations.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second objection to vaccinations is more common in third world countries where poverty is an additional complication.   In some countries, the poor and uneducated are told that vaccines are the western worlds method of sterilizing or infecting the local populations.   Sometimes, political and religious objects overlap as in the Muslim countries.   On the History of Vaccines website, their article Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination states, the local Taliban in Southern Afghanistan have called polio vaccination an American ploy to sterilize Muslim populations and an attempt to avert Allahs will.  Ã‚   When those in power cast doubt on effectiveness and even question the morality of the vaccine, the population will follow those in power.   However, more often it allows governments to control access to vaccines and their populations if they are dealing with illness and disease they cannot cause chaos within their country.  Ã‚   Many organiza tions such as the World Health Organization try to overcome as many of these objections and obstacles as possible to move toward healthier world populations. While no studies can officially show how many lives have been saved due to vaccinations, studies can and do show their effectiveness.  Ã‚   Most vaccine studies are done on morbidity not mortality of the disease.   The hope for vaccines is that it lowers the occurrence (morbidity) of the disease, not on how many deaths the disease cause.   Vaccines do not prevent death, they hope to prevent the illness itself that causes the death.   Until a disease is eradicated, there will always be a threat of death with a disease in certain cases.   Vaccines hope to improve the odds that the disease will not affect large numbers of the population.   Studies have shown reductions in rates of diseases for which there are vaccines.   This supports the idea that vaccines work. The invent and continued development of vaccines has improved and saved the lives of countless individuals throughout the world.   The World Health Organization lists the following benefits of vaccinations: decreased resistance to antibiotics, healthcare savings, extending life expectancy, protection against bioterrorism, helping economic growth, and benefiting equity.   The World Health Organization in their February 2008 Bulletin continued We conclude that a comprehensive vaccination program is a cornerstone of good public health and will reduce inequities and poverty.   Not only have vaccines helped save lives, protect people from illness, and disability, they have also helped improve peoples quality of life and length of life.   Thus making vaccinations one of the most important events in world history and continuing to help the world population through continued research and development.  Ã‚   Works Cited Allen, Arthur, Vaccine: The Controversial Story of Medicines Greatest Lifesaver, W W Norton Company, New York, 2007. Cole, Andrew, Japanese study is more evidence that MMR does not cause autism, BMJ Publishing Group, March 12, 2005, (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC554056) Cultural Perspectives on Vaccination, History of Vaccines by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, January 10, 2018, (www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/cultural-perspectives-vaccination) Goddard, Jolyon, editor, National Geographic Concise History of Science Invention, Brown Reference Group, Washington, DC, 2010. Haven, Kendall, 100 Greatest Science Discoveries of All Time, Libraries Unlimited, Westport Connecticut, 2007. (53,54) Influenza Pandemic, History of Vaccines by The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, January 11, 2018 (www.historyofvaccines.org/index.php/content/articles/influenza-pandemics) Parker, Steve editor, Medicine: The Definitive Illustrated History, Dorling Kindersley Ltd, New York, 2016. Parsons, Paul, Science in 100 Key Breakthroughs, Firefly Books, New York, 2011. (97-99) Poliomyelitis Fact Sheet, The World Health Organization, March 14, 2018, (www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/poliomyelitis) Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide, Bulletin of The  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   World Health Organization, Volume 86, Number 2, February 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/2/07-040089/en)

The Cultural Phenomenon Of Reality Television - 1741 Words

The cultural phenomenon ‘Reality Television (TV)’ has become an increasingly popular genre of television since its paroxysm onto the airwaves in 1945. The term ‘Reality Television’ can be defined as the genre of entertainment that documents the lives of ‘ordinary’ individuals through the exhibition of allegedly unscripted real-life scenarios, despite inquisitive inquiries disclosing Reality TV to entail facets of script. The primary objective of Reality TV is purely to entertain the audience. This genre of television is appealing to viewers due to its entertainment principle/value, the audience’s competency to correlate to the characters and their situations, and the contingency it presents for escapism and voyeurism. We can capitalise the Australian appropriation of the American popular dating Reality TV show ‘The Bachelor’ as a tool to further comprehend the purpose and appeal of Reality television. The postulations of med ia’s obligations to society in contrast to their current actions and media as a mirror to society - the normative theory, can also be utilised as an implement to apprehend Reality TV. Through the strict analysis of ‘ The Bachelor’ and the employment of the normative theory, the purpose and appealing factor of Reality TV can be deeply examined. The objective of Reality TV can be elucidated as a form of entertainment. The directors attain this principal of entertainment through the manipulation of various language and film techniques. These techniquesShow MoreRelatedThe Reality Of Reality Television936 Words   |  4 PagesThe reality show phenomenon Have you ever wondered what attracts millions of Americans each week to watch this cultural phenomenon know as reality television? It first started in 1948 when Allen Funt created a TV series called Candid Camera, this is the first known reality television show series. â€Å"Reality television episodes have increased up to 57% of all television shows that can be found on your TV guides† (Shocking). Big Brother was one of the first successful and most viewed reality televisionRead MoreEssay The Phenomenon of Cultural Globalization747 Words   |  3 Pagesbut also rather a worldwide phenomenon that has replaced the Cold War system. Concerning cultural globalization, the two main dimensions that make up this social state are media and communications, as well as religious responses, such as the ideology of fundamentalism. This specific literary work will concentrate on the significant dimension of the media. The media is acknowledged as one of the most influential social institutions, when referencing to cultural globalization. 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Study on Financial Analysis of Britannia free essay sample

The total food production in India is likely to double in the next ten years and there is an opportunity for large investments in food and food processing technologies, skills and equipment, especially in areas of Canning, Dairy and Food Processing, Specialty Processing, Packaging, Frozen Food/Refrigeration and Thermo Processing. Fruits Vegetables, Fisheries, Milk Milk Products, Meat Poultry, Packaged/Convenience Foods, Alcoholic Beverages Soft Drinks and Grains are important sub-sectors of the food processing industry. A health food and health food supplement is another rapidly rising segment of this industry which is gaining vast popularity amongst the health conscious. India is one of the worlds major food producers but accounts for less than 1. 5 per cent of international food trade. This indicates vast scope for both investors and exporters. Food exports in 1998 stood at US $5. 8 billion whereas the world total was US $438 billion. The Indian food industries sales turnover is Rs 140,000 crore (1 crore = 10 million) annually as at the start of year 2000. We will write a custom essay sample on Study on Financial Analysis of Britannia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The industry has the highest number of plants approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) outside the USA. Indias food processing sector covers fruit and vegetables; meat and poultry; milk and milk products, alcoholic beverages, fisheries, plantation, grain processing and other consumer product groups like confectionery, chocolates and cocoa products, Soya-based products, mineral water, high protein foods etc. We cover an exhaustive database of an array of suppliers, manufacturers, exporters and importers widely dealing in sectors like the -Food Industry, Dairy processing, Indian beverage industry etc. We also cover sectors like dairy plants, canning, bottling plants, packaging industries, process machinery etc. The most promising sub-sectors includes -Soft-drink bottling, Confectionery manufacture, Fishing, aquaculture, Grain-milling and grain-based products, Meat and poultry processing, Alcoholic beverages, Milk processing, Tomato paste, Fast-food, Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals, Food additives, flavors etc. India is one of the world’s major food producers but accounts for less than 1. 5 per cent of international food trade. This indicates vast scope for both investors and exporters. Food exports in 1998 stood at US $5. 8 billion whereas the world total was US $438 billion. The Indian food industry’s sales turnover is Rs 140,000 crore (1 crore = 10 million) annually as at the start of year 2000. The industry requires about Rs 29,000 crore in investment over the next five years to 2005 to create necessary infrastructure, expand production facilities and state-of-the-art-technology to match the international quality and standards. The office of the Agricultural Affairs of the USDA / Foreign Agricultural Services in New Delhi says that one of India’s proudest accomplishments has been achieving a tenuous self-sufficiency in food production and that the country produces a wide variety of agricultural products at prices that are at or below world values in most cases. The Indian palate is accustomed to traditional foods, mostly wheat and rice-based, rather than potato and corn-based western palate. In marketing perspective, this is considered an important factor for foreign marketers. The USDA report says initially consumer-ready food products may have to be tailored to include Indian spices and traditional ingredients. In addition to traditional tastes, there are other social factors which affect consumption in India. Hindus account for approximately 80 per cent of India’s population, and while only 25 or 30 per cent are strict vegetarians, beef slaughter is prohibited in all but two states (Kerala and West Bengal) and consumption of other meats is limited. Incidentally, India is the only country where the US-based MacDonalds sells its burgers without any beef content and even offers purely vegetarian burgers. India’s middle class segment will hold the key to success or failure of the processed food market in India. Of the country’s total population of one billion, the middle class segments account for about 350-370 million. Though a majority of families in this segment have non-working housewives or can afford hired domestic help and thus prepare foods of their taste in their own kitchens, the profile of the middle class is changing steadily and hired domestic help is becoming costlier. This is conducive to an expansion in demand for ready-to-eat Indian-style foods. India’s food processing sector covers fruit and vegetables; meat and poultry; milk and milk products, alcoholic beverages, fisheries, plantation, grain processing and other consumer product groups like confectionery, chocolates and cocoa products, Soya-based products, mineral water, high protein foods etc. According to latest official statistics, India exported processed fruits and vegetables worth Rs 5240 million in 1997-98. The horticulture production is around 102 million tones. Foreign investment since 1991, when economic liberalization started, stood at Rs 8,800 crore. Products that have growing demand, especially in the Middle East countries include pickles, chutneys, fruit pulps, canned fruits, and vegetables, concentrated pulps and juices, dehydrated vegetables and frozen fruits and vegetables. Another potential processed food product is meat and poultry products. India ranks first in world cattle population, 50 per cent of buffalo population and one-sixth of total goat population of the world. Buffalo meat is surplus in India. There is vast scope to set up modern slaughter facilities and cold store chains in meat and poultry processing sector. India’s current level of meat and meat-based exports is around Rs 8,000 million. In last six years foreign investment in this segment stood at Rs 5,000 million which is more than 50 per cent of the total investment made in this sector. Compared with meat, poultry industry has registered significant growth. India ranks fifth in the world with annual egg production of 1. 61 million tones. Both poultry and egg processing units have come in a very big way in the country. India is exporting egg powder, frozen egg yolk and albumin powder to Europe, Japan and other countries. Poultry exports are mostly to Maldives and Oman. Indian poultry meat products have good markets in Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore. While meat products registered a growth of 10 per cent, eggs and broilers registered 16-20 per cent growth. There are about 15 pure line and grandparent franchise projects in India. There are 115 layer and 280 broiler hatcheries producing 1. 3 million layer parents and 280 million broiler parents. They in turn supply 95 million hybrid layer and 275 million broilers, day-old chick. Presently there are only five egg powder plants in India which is considered insufficient in view of growing export demand for different kind of powder whole egg, yolk and albumen. The scope of foreign investment and state-of-the-art technology in this field is therefore tremendous. Milk and milk products is rated as one of the most promising sectors which deserves foreign investment in a big way. When the world milk production registered a negative growth of 2 per cent, India performed much better with 4 per cent growth. The total milk production is around 72 million tones and the demand for milk is estimated at around 80 million tones. By 2005, the value of Indian dairy produce is expected to be Rs 1,000,000 million. In last six years foreign investment in this sector stood at Rs 3600 million which is about one-fourth of total investment made in this sector. Manufacture of casein and lactose, largely being imported presently, has good scope. Exports of milk products have been decimalized. Grains could emerge as a major export earner for India in coming years. India’s food grains production is now at around 225-230 million tones. These include rice, jawar, bajra, maize, wheat, gram and pulses. Indian basmati rice enjoys command in the international market. Besides growing Middle East market for basmati rice, many other countries are showing interest for this food grain. In 1998-99, export of basmati and non-basmati rice stood at Rs62000 million. There is a total rice milling capacity of 186 million tons in the country. Among plantation, tea emerged as major foreign exchange earner. India is the largest producer and exporter of black tea. However, the most worrying factor for Indian tea industry is that from early next year with the implementation of tea imports into the country, India tea may face a stiff competition within the country as well, specially threat of Sri Lanka’s presence in the Indian market is looming large. The current year’s tea export prospect is not that very good in terms of forex earnings because international prices have fallen significantly this year. India exports between150-170 million kilograms of tea per annum. Of course, the scope of foreign investment in this sector is good and the multinational tea companies would either be trying for marketing joint ventures with the Indian producers or acquire stakes in Indian tea companies. There is a strong possibility of third country exports through such joint venture as quality wise still Indian teas are ruling the international market. An alcoholic beverage is another are where India witnessed substantial foreign investment. Foreign investment in this sector stood at Rs 7000 million which about 70 percent of the total investment made so far. The IMFL (Indian Made Foreign Liquor) primarily comprises wine, vodka, gin, whisky, rum and brandy. Draught beer is a comparatively recent introduction in the Indian market. The Indian beer market is estimated at Rs7000 million a year. One of the major advantages for any investor eyeing the Indian liquor market is that India offers enough raw materials like molasses, barely, maize, potatoes, grapes, yeast and hops for the industry. Yet another catchy investment sector is fisheries. There is growing canned and processed fishes from India. The marine fish include prawns, shrimps, tuna, cuttlefish, squids, octopus, red snappers, ribbon fish, mackerel, lobsters, cat fish etc. In last six years there was substantial investment in fisheries to the tune of Rs 30,000 million of which foreign investments were of the order of Rs 7000 million. The potential could be gauged by the fact that against fish production potential in the Exclusive Economic Zone of 3. 9 million tones, actual catch is to the tune of 2. 87 million tones. Harvesting from inland sources is around 2. million tones. The biggest bottleneck in expanding the food processing sector, in terms of both investment and exports, is lack of adequate infrastructure. Without a strong and dependable cold chain vital sector like food processing industry which is based mostly on perishable products cannot survive and grow. Even at current level of production, farm produce valued at Rs 70,000 million is being wasted every year only because there is no adequate storage, transp ortation, cold chain facilities and other infrastructure supports.

Neonatal Jaundice free essay sample

Newborn jaundice Newborn jaundice is a condition marked by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. The increased bilirubin causes the infants skin and whites of the eyes (sclera) to look yellow. Causes Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is created in the body during the normal recycling of old red blood cells. The liver helps break down bilirubin so that it can be removed from the body in the stool. Before birth, the placenta the organ that nourishes the developing baby removes the bilirubin from the infant so that it can be processed by the mothers liver. Immediately after birth, the babys own liver begins to take over the job, but this can take time. Therefore, bilirubin levels in an infant are normally a little higher after birth. High levels of bilirubin in the body can cause the skin to look yellow. This is called jaundice. Jaundice is present to some degree in most newborns, and is called physiological jaundice. We will write a custom essay sample on Neonatal Jaundice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It usually appears between day 2 and 3, peaks between days 2 and 4, and clears by 2 weeks. Physiological jaundice usually causes no problems. Other types of jaundice that usually cause no harm include: Breast milk jaundice is probably caused by factors in the breast milk that slow the rate at which the liver breaks down bilirubin. Such jaundice appears in some healthy, breastfed babies after day 7 of life, and usually peaks during weeks 2 and 3. It may last at low levels for a month or more. Breastfeeding jaundice is seen in breastfed babies in the first week of life, especially in babies who are not nursing often enough. Breastfeeding jaundice is different than breast milk jaundice. Babies who are born too early (premature) are more likely to develop jaundice than full-term babies. Conditions that increase the number of red blood cells that need to be broken down, and can cause more severe newborn jaundice: Abnormal blood cell shapes Blood type mismatch between the mother and the baby Bleeding underneath the scalp (cephalohematoma) caused by a difficult delivery Higher levels of red blood cells, which is more common in small-for-gestational-age babies and some twins Infection Lack (deficiency) of certain important enzymes Conditions that make it harder for the babys body to remove bilirubin may also lead to more severe jaundice: Certain medications Congenital infections, such as rubella, syphilis, and others Diseases that affect the liver or biliary tract, such as cystic fibrosis or hepatitis Hypoxia Infections (such as sepsis) Many different genetic or inherited disorders Symptoms The main symptom is a yellow color of the skin. The yellow color is best seen right after gently pressing a finger onto the skin. The color sometimes begins on the face and then moves down to the chest, belly area, legs, and soles of the feet. Sometimes, infants with significant jaundice have extreme tiredness and poor feeding. Exams and Tests Doctors, nurses, and family members will watch for signs of jaundice at the hospital, and after the newborn goes home. Any infant who appears jaundiced should have bilirubin levels measured right away. This can be done with a blood test. Many hospitals check total bilirubin levels on all babies at about 24 hours of age. Hospitals use probes that can estimate the bilirubin level just by touching the skin. High readings need to be confirmed with blood tests. Tests that will likely be done include: Complete blood count Coombs test Reticulocyte count Further testing may be needed for babies who need treatment or whose total bilirubin levels are rising more quickly than expected. Treatment Treatment is usually not needed. When determining treatment, the doctor must consider: The babys bilirubin level How fast the level has been rising Whether the baby was born early (babies born early are more likely to be treated at lower bilirubin levels) How old the baby is now Your child will need treatment if the bilirubin level is too high or is rising too quickly. Keep the baby well hydrated with breast milk or formula. Frequent feedings (up to 12 times a day) encourage frequent bowel movements, which help remove bilirubin through the stools. Ask your doctor before giving your newborn extra formula. Some newborns need to be treated before they leave the hospital. Others may need to go back to the hospital when they are a few days old. Treatment in the hospital usually lasts 1 to 2 days. Sometimes special blue lights are used on infants whose levels are very high. This is called phototherapy. These lights work by helping to break down bilirubin in the skin. The infant is placed under artificial light in a warm, enclosed bed to maintain constant temperature. The baby will wear only a diaper and special eye shades to protect the eyes. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that breastfeeding be continued through phototherapy, if possible. Rarely, the baby may have an intravenous (IV) line to deliver fluids. If the bilirubin level is not too high or is not rising quickly, you can do phototherapy at home with a fiberoptic blanket, which has tiny bright lights in it. You may also use a bed that shines light up from the mattress. You must keep the light therapy on your childs skin and feed your child every 2 to 3 hours (10 to 12 times a day). A nurse will come to your home to teach you how to use the blanket or bed, and to check on your child. The nurse will return daily to check your childs weight, feedings, skin, and bilirubin levels. You will be asked to count the number of wet and dirty diapers. In the most severe cases of jaundice, an exchange transfusion is required. In this procedure, the babys blood is replaced with fresh blood. Treating severely jaundiced babies with intravenous immunoglobulin may also be very effective at reducing bilirubin levels. Outlook (Prognosis) Usually newborn jaundice is not harmful. For most babies, jaundice usually gets better without treatment within 1 to 2 weeks. Very high levels of bilirubin can damage the brain. This is called kernicterus. However, the condition is almost always diagnosed before levels become high enough to cause this damage. For babies who need treatment, the treatment is usually effective. Possible Complications Rare, but serious, complications from high bilirubin levels include: Cerebral palsy Deafness Kernicterus brain damage from very high bilirubin levels When to Contact a Medical Professional All babies should be seen by a health care provider in the first 5 days of life to check for jaundice. Those who spend less than 24 hours in a hospital should be seen by age 72 hours. Infants sent home between 24 and 48 hours should be seen again by age 96 hours. Infants sent home between 48 and 72 hours should be seen again by age 120 hours. Jaundice is an emergency if the baby has a fever, has become listless, or is not feeding well. Jaundice may be dangerous in high-risk newborns. Jaundice is generally NOT dangerous in term, otherwise healthy newborns. Call the infants health care provider if: Jaundice is severe (the skin is bright yellow) Jaundice continues to increase after the newborn visit, lasts longer than 2 weeks, or other symptoms develop The feet, especially the soles, are yellow Prevention In newborns, some degree of jaundice is normal and probably not preventable. The risk of significant jaundice can often be reduced by feeding babies at least 8 to 12 times a day for the first several days and by carefully identifying infants at highest risk. All pregnant women should be tested for blood type and unusual antibodies. If the mother is Rh negative, follow-up testing on the infants cord is recommended. This may also be done if the mothers blood type is O+, but it is not needed if careful monitoring takes place. Careful monitoring of all babies during the first 5 days of life can prevent most complications of jaundice. Ideally, this includes: Considering a babys risk for jaundice Checking bilirubin level in the first day or so Scheduling at least one follow-up visit the first week of life for babies sent home from the hospital in 72 hours Alternative Names Jaundice of the newborn; Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia; Bili lights jaundice References American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35 or more weeks of gestation.

Coco Chanel, Famed Fashion Designer and Executive

Coco Chanel, Famed Fashion Designer and Executive Gabrielle Coco Chanel (August 19, 1883–January 10, 1971) opened her first millinery shop in 1910, and in the 1920s she rose to become one of the premier fashion designers in Paris. Replacing the corset with comfort and casual elegance, her fashion themes included simple suits and dresses, womens trousers, costume jewelry, perfume, and textiles. She is particularly known for introducing the world to the iconic little black dress as well as a perfume, Chanel No. 5, in 1922. It is, to this day, one of the most famous perfumes of all time. Fast Facts: Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel ï » ¿Known For: Founder of the House of Chanel, creator of the Chanel suit, Chanel jacket, and bell bottoms, Chanel No. 5 perfumeAlso Known As: Gabrielle Bonheur ChanelBorn: August 19, 1883 in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, FranceParents: Eugà ©nie Jeanne Devolle, Albert ChanelDied: January 10, 1971 in Paris, FranceAwards and Honors: Neiman Marcus Fashion Award, 1957Notable Quotes: A girl should be two things: classy and fabulous. ... Fashion fades, only style remains the same. ... Fashion is what one wears oneself. What is unfashionable is what other people wear. Early Years and Career Gabrielle Coco Chanel claimed to be born in 1893 at Auvergne, but she was actually born on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France. According to her version of her life story, her mother worked in the poorhouse where Chanel was born and died when she was only 6, leaving her father with five children whom he promptly abandoned to the care of relatives. She adopted the name Coco during a brief career as a cafe and concert singer from 1905 to 1908. First a mistress of a wealthy military officer and then of an English industrialist, Chanel drew on the resources of these patrons in setting up a millinery shop in Paris in 1910, expanding to Deauville and Biarritz. The two men also helped her find customers among women of society, and her simple hats became popular. The Rise of a Fashion Empire Soon, Coco was expanding to couture and working in jersey, a first in the French fashion world. By the 1920s, her fashion house had expanded considerably, and her chemise set a fashion trend with its little boy look. Her relaxed fashions, short skirts, and casual look were in sharp contrast to the corset fashions popular in the previous decades. Chanel herself dressed in mannish clothes and adapted these more comfortable fashions, something that other women also found liberating. In 1922, Chanel introduced a perfume, Chanel No. 5, which became and remained popular, and remains a profitable product of Chanels company. Pierre Wertheimer became her partner in the perfume business in 1924, and perhaps also her lover. Wertheimer owned 70% of the company; Chanel received 10 percent and her friend, Thà ©ophile Bader, 20 percent. The Wertheimers continue to control the perfume company today. Chanel introduced her signature cardigan jacket in 1925 and iconic little black dress in 1926. Most of her fashions had a staying power and didnt change much from year to year- or even generation to generation. World War II Break and Comeback Chanel briefly served as a nurse during World War II. Nazi occupation meant the fashion business in Paris was cut off for some years; Chanels affair during World War II with a Nazi officer also resulted in some years of diminished popularity and an exile of sorts to Switzerland. In 1954, her comeback restored her to the top ranks of haute couture. Her natural, casual clothing including the Chanel suit, once again caught the eye- and purses- of women. She introduced pea jackets and bell bottom pants for women. In addition to her work with high fashion, Chanel also designed stage costumes for such plays as Cocteaus Antigone (1923) and Oedipus Rex (1937) and film costumes for several movies, including Renoirs La Regle de Jeu. Katharine Hepburn starred in the 1969 Broadway musical Coco based on the life of Coco Chanel. A 2008  television  movie  Coco  Chanel starred Shirley MacLaine portraying the famous designer around the time of her 1954 career resurrection. Death and Legacy Chanel worked right up to the time she died. Though she was ailing and in declining health by the early 1970s, she continued to direct her company. In January 1971, she began preparing the spring catalog for her firm. She took a long drive on the afternoon of January 9 and then went to bed early, feeling ill. She died the next day, January 10, 1971, at the Hotel Ritz in Paris, where she had lived for more than three decades. Chanel was worth a reported $15 billion when she died. And though her career had its ups and downs, her legacy in the fashion industry is assured. In addition to perfumes and the little black dress, Chanel helped popularize costume jewelry, trousers, tweed jackets, and short hair for women- all of which were considered fashion no-nos before Chanel came onto the scene. The company also created such iconic items as black bouclà © jackets, two-tone ballet pumps, and an array of quilted handbags. Designer Karl Lagerfeld took the reins at Chanel in 1983 and lifted the company back to prominence. He ran Chanel right up until his death on Februry 19, 2019, as the companys creative director.  Virginie Viard, Lagerfelds right-hand woman for more than three decades, was named to succeed him. Chanel is a private company owned by the Wertheimer family and continues to thrive; it reported sales of nearly $10 billion for the 2017 fiscal year. Sources Alkayat, Zena.  Library of Luminaries: Coco Chanel: An Illustrated Biography. Illustrated by Nina Cosford. 2016.Garelick, Rhonda K.  Mademoiselle: Coco Chanel and the Pulse of History.  2015.

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 13

Management - Essay Example In modern Business Organization it is well understood that customer satisfaction guarantees the health of a company. This can be achieved only by awareness of customer needs and being able to fulfil them both within time and the acceptable price and quality parameters. The big question is how to be able to obtain this awareness and further how to make the sales force or the marketing people understand the vital role this plays in the ultimate performance of the company. The firs exercise to apply the control approaches to the sales force was made by Anderson and Oliver (1987). A few tests of the performance of the sales force control system was conducted by Challagala et al (1996). Cravens et al (1993), Oliver and Anderson (1994 & 1995). It is only recently that this has taken shape as SFA. It is fortunate that Information Technology is here to assist businesses across board with a multitude of solutions that can help them to tackle this issue. There are many Sales Force Automation Systems that are based on Information systems and are used in marketing. These are automated solutions that combine the marketing management functions and the customer relationship management systems. The aim is to gather information of each individual customer’s behavioural pattern. The purchases they make, the brand and quality preference. The price ranges they accept, the ratio of purchase within seasons, schedules and the variances in selection of products etc. The list goes on depending on the product type and the location and other circumstantial factors. A pattern emerges which can then become predictive and the solution can then forecast the possibility of a sale at a particular time or when a suitable product is available. It also has inbuilt interactive features which can encourage a customer to engage in a dialogue and offer a direct lead to the sales or marketing people to carry on the

Nextguard Technologies Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nextguard Technologies - Research Proposal Example However, user credentials are required for authorization and authentication on the VPN server. Furthermore, for configuring multiple operating system environments on active directory, a domain server must be placed in Georgia, India, California, Canada and New York. As all applications are hosted on the Phoenix site, they should be configured on HTTPS and must use a VPN tunnel for exchanging data with the other 4 sites. Moreover, for adding an extra layer of security, MAC addresses should be linked with WAN IP addresses requesting access to one of the hosted applications. Access Control policy should be drafted that will address access to whom and why. A responsible, Accountable, Consulted and Informed (RACI) chart should be developed, as it will define roles and responsibilities for each user permitted to access web based applications. 2 Blowfish Encryption Algorithm for NextGuard As per computer desktop encyclopedia Blowfish encryption algorithm is defined as â€Å"A secret key cryptography method that uses a variable length key from 32 to 448 bits long. It uses the block cipher method, which breaks the text into 64-bit blocks before encrypting them. Written by Bruce Schneier, as a free replacement for DES or IDEA, it is considered very fast and secure† and as per network dictionary, it is defined as â€Å"Blow?sh is an encryption algorithm that can be used as a replacement for the DES or IDEA algorithms. It is a symmetric (that is, a secret or private key) block cipher that uses a variable-length key, from 32 bits to 448 bits, making it useful for both domestic and exportable use†. Blowfish is an encryption algorithm that was invented by Bruce Schneier in 1993 (Pachghare, 2009). It is constructed on a variable length key ranging from 32 buts to 448 bits that is considered to be perfect for both local and international use along with a solid enc ryption algorithm. After its recognition to be relatively solid encryption algorithm, it is gradually gaining acceptance. Some of the core features of blowfish algorithm include (Pachghare, 2009): Blowfish has a block cipher of block consisted of 64 bit The length of the key can be up to 448 bits BladeCenter web interface: MM Control, Login Profiles page. (n.d.) On 32 bit microprocessor architecture, data encryption is supported at a rate of 18 clock cycles on every byte that is much quicker than DES and IDEA encryption. It is still free to use and is not patented Memory requirements for blowfish are less than 5 kilobytes of memory The semantics are simplified and is relatively easy to deploy The design requirements for a blowfish encryption algorithm incorporates robust, simple to code, compact, easily modifiable and flat key space features (Anderson, 1994). Likewise, flat key space facilitates random strings to be considered as a possible key from a required length. Moreover, it d eploys data in massive byte size blocks and incorporates 32 bits blocks where applicable (Anderson, 1994). Key ranges, as mentioned earlier are from 32 to 448 bits and operations are common that are supported by microprocessors such as XOR, table lookup etc. furthermore, pre-computable sub keys are applicable with variable iterative numbers. These sub keys are massive and must be pre-calculated prior to encryption or decryption process carries out. In an example below, let’s assume that P is pre-calculated array consisting of 18, 32 bit sub keys from P1, P2†¦ till P 18. In addition, there are S boxes (32 Bit) indicated by S with entries equal to 256 each (John Rittinghouse & Hancock, 2003). S1, 0, S1, 1†¦S1, 255; S2, 0, S2, 1†¦.S2, 255; S3, 0, S3, 1†¦

ULTRA VIRES DOCTRINE OF COMPANY LAW IN ZAMBIA

ULTRA VIRES DOCTRINE OF COMPANY LAW IN ZAMBIA INTRODUCTION This assignment examines the debate on the legal issues surrounding the abolition of the requirement to submit a Memorandum of Association when applying to incorporate a company under the Zambian Companies Act 1994 cap 388 of the Laws of Zambia. This debate has been on the â€Å"Objects Clause† which used to be a requirement under the old Companies Act 1921 and was to remain as part of the Memorandum of Association thereafter until the company ceased to exist. ORIGINS OF THE OBJECTS CLAUSE A company on incorporation under the Companies Act cap 388 gives it a corporate personality which means that it gains the status of a separate legal entity from its shareholders or members.[1] However, as an artificial person, the company cannot make decisions and as such has to rely on humans to make decisions on its behalf. Therefore, the decisions and actions by the company officers, employees or indeed its agents will be taken to be those of the company which shall bear the liability. As such, as the company is to be regarded as an artificial person, the courts developed the view that its legal capacity had to be limited to its objects[2] and on incorporation to include the objects clause in its memorandum of association[3] which formed part of the company’s constitution. This was with a view of safeguarding the interests of both the shareholders and the creditors by way of the doctrine of ultra vires. In summing up, it can be said that an objects clause is that provision in a companys constitution which provides for the purposes and the power to undertake only the activities for which the company was formed as was the case before the coming into force of the Companies Act cap 388. THE DOCTRINE OF ULTRA VIRES The doctrine of ultra vires[4] refers to those acts or decisions that a company may undertake which are beyond the scope of powers granted by the company’s objects clause in its memorandum of association. Ashbury Carriage Company v Riche (1875) The ACC was an incorporated company under the Companies Act of 1862. Clause 3 of the memorandum that: The objects for which the company is established are to make and sell, or lend on hire, railway carriages and wagons, and all kinds of railway plant, fittings, machinery, and rolling-stock; to carry on the business of mechanical engineers and general contractors; to purchase and sell, as merchants, timber, coal, metals, or other materials; and to buy and sell any such materials on commission, or as agents. The company agreed to provide Richie and his brother with finance for the construction of a railway in Belgium but later repudiated the agreement. Richie sued for damages. Held That the contract was void and that ratification, even if it had taken place, would have been wholly ineffective. PRESENT LAW Unlike before, the current Companies Act cap 388, does not have a mandatory requirement for companies incorporated under it to have a memorandum of association which should contain the objects clause. POWERS AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS The Companies Act Cap. 388 provides under section 215 that: (1) The business of a company shall be managed by the directors, who may pay all expenses incurred in promoting and forming the company, and may exercise all such powers of the company as are not, by this Act or the articles, required to be exercised by the company by resolution. (3) Without limiting the generality of subsection (1), the directors may exercise the powers of the company to borrow money, to charge any property or business of the company or all or any of its uncalled capital and to issue debentures or give any other security for a debt, liability or obligation of the company or of any other person. VALIDITY OF ACTS However, section 23 provides that â€Å"No act of a company, including any transfer of property to or by a company, shall be invalid by reason only that the act or transfer is contrary to its articles or this Act† seems to be a contradiction to sections 7 and 22. THE ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION Before the 1994 Act, the articles of association where classed as being inward-looking and having a purpose of setting out the rules governing the running of the company. The articles hence formed an incorporated company’s constitution[5] which may deal with any matters of the company operations. However, the present Act does not, as stated above, make it mandatory for a company to submit a memorandum of association but provides under section 7 as follows: (1) A company may have articles regulating the conduct of the company. (2) The articles may contain restrictions on the business that the company may carry on. This means that there is no need of an objects clause to be included in the articles of association so as to restrict the business operations to conform to the objects and indeed should not specify its general nature of the company business. This assertion can also be inferred from section 7(4) which provides that â€Å"a company on incorporation may adopt the regulations of the Standard Articles† which do not contain a provision for the general nature of the business to be undertaken or indeed any restrictions. Furthermore, section 7(2) provides that ‘the articles may contain restrictions on the business that a company may carry on’, thus departing from the traditional role of covering mainly issues to do with the internal management of the company for which articles of association are often known for. Therefore, it could be inferred from this section that a company on incorporation may restrict its nature of business to be undertaken as agreed by the shareholders. This inference is asserted to by section 22(3) of the Act which provides that â€Å"A company shall not carry on any business or exercise any power that it is restricted by its articles from carrying on or exercising, nor exercise any of its powers in a manner contrary to its articles.† However, the restrictions that prohibit an incorporated company from carrying on any business in its articles of incorporation are on the preferences of the shareholders and as such the doctrine of ultra-vires whilst not being abolished is not mandatory. Therefore, where a company decides to place some business restrictions in its articles of association then that company is prohibited from carrying on any business or exercising any power that it is restricted by its articles. NOTICE NOT PRESUMED 24. No person dealing with a company shall be affected by, or presumed to have notice or knowledge of, the contents of a document concerning the company†¦.. This means that the interests of the third party who deals with a company is entitled to assume that it has the power to do anything it wishes are not affected[6] unless he was actually aware (notice or knowledge) of the restrictions. Therefore, section 24 basically abolishes the ultra vires rule against third parties who have no knowledge of the company’s objects and are meant to assume that the director, agent or company employee they deal with has the power to make decisions. This has been acknowledged in the case of Freshint Ltd Others v Kawambwa Tea Company [2008] ZMSC 26 at (763) where it was held that â€Å"in practice most people dealing with companies rely on the rule in Turquand’s case and do not bother to inspect the articles. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The company’s authorized agents bound the company to comply with the contract and such liability cannot be avoided†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. NO DISCLAIMER ALLOWED 25. A company †¦..may not assert against a person dealing with the company or with any person who has acquired rights from the company that- (a) any of the articles of the company has not been complied with; (b) a shareholder agreement has not been complied with; (c) the persons named in the most recent annual return or notice under section two hundred and twenty-six are not the directors of the company; (d) the registered office of the company is not an office of the company; (e) a person held out by a company as a director, an officer or an agent of the company has no authority to exercise the powers and perform the duties that are customary in the business of the company or usual for such a director, officer or agent; (f) a document issued by any director, officer or agent of the company with actual or usual authority to issue the document is not valid or genuine; or APPLICATION FOR INCORPORATION Section 6 2(i) provides that an application for incorporation shall be in the prescribed form and shall specify †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. the nature of its proposed business†¦.. This means that all the features which could be found in the memorandum of association have now been incorporated into the Articles of Association including but not limited to: (a) The Name Clause; (b) The Objects Clause; (c)Each subscriber confirming their intention to form a company (d)Each member also agrees to take at least one share (e)Physical address of the office to be the registered office CONCLUSION This argument hence concludes that the requirements for the objects clause have actually been retained in through both the articles of association and Companies Form 2 which requires that the applicants specify the general nature of business to include the principal business and any other business (section 2). It could further be concluded that the filing of Form 2 re-enforces the notion that the doctrine of ultra vires has been retained in Zambia through the provision at section 3 that, â€Å"The articles restrict the business that the company may conduct as follows† after which part these restriction will be specified. BIBLIOGRAPHY Davies, L. P., Principles of Modern Company Law, 8th Edn, Sweet and Maxwell, 2008 Dignam A. Lowry J., Company Law, 4th Edn, OUP, London, 2006 1 [1] Salomon v Salomon Co [1897] A.C 22, HL, at 51, per Lord Macnaughten [2] Ashbury Carriage Company v Riche (1875) [3] Guinness v Land Corporation of Ireland (1882) [4] Ultra vires is a Latin expression which lawyers and civil servants use to describe acts undertaken beyond (ultra) the legal powers (vires) of those who have purported to undertake them. Davies P.L., Principles of Modern Company Law, at p153. [5] Davies P.L., Principles of Modern Company Law, 8th Edn, Sweet and Maxwell, 2008, at p62 [6] Royal British Bank v Turquand (1856)

Characteristics of Modernism in Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darknes

Characteristics of Modernism in Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A Modern novel, Jewel in the Crown, by Paul Scott, depicts the latter stages of imperialism's erosion and explores it through the lives of individuals and their relationships as symbolic of larger societal conflicts and political events.   Jewel was written well into the 20th Century and employs thematic concepts and literary forms characteristic of Modernism, as well as being significant in its literary-historical context of the decline of British Imperialism/post- colonialism in India.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Some of the major issues to which twentieth century literature responded in ways generally known as 'Modernism' are: a growing awareness of a variety of cultures which had differing but cogent world-views; exploitation of other cultures and races, and a society built on power and greed" (Lye, 1996).   The fact that Modern literature explored these issues with more scrutiny, candor, and depth than previous literary eras.   "This is the story of rape, of the events that led to it and followed it and of the place in which it happened" (Scott, 1966).   The rape is of a young British women in colonial India, but also of the rape of India by Britain, "the affair...ended with the spectacle of two nations in violent opposition, not for the first time nor as yet for the last because they were then still locked in an imperial embrace of such long standing and subtlety it was no longer possible for them to know whether the y hated or loved on another, or what held them together and seemed to have confused the image   of their two destinies" (Scott, 1966).   The events, interactions, and sentiments of Daphne, the woman in question, and those of the ot... ....   For Jewel in the Crown and Heart of Darkness, the questions and criticisms of British Imperialism are brought up metaphorically through their stories they tell, and so interrelated in subject theme, mark a specific period in time tin B ritish History.  Ã‚      Works Cited and Consulted  Ã‚   Agatucci, C. (2001).   ENG 103, Survey of British Literature.   Central Oregon Community College. Damrosch, D., et al., ed.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature: VolB.   Compact ed.   New York: Longman-Addison Wesley Longman, 2000. Lye,J. (1996).   Some Cultural Forces Driving Literary Modernism,   (Dept of English, Brock Univ.) 2F55: Modern Fiction.  Ã‚   http://www.brocku.ca/english/courses/2F55/forces.htm [last accessed: June 2001]. Scott, P. (1966).   The Jewel in the Crown. Vol. 1 of the Raj Quartet.   Rpt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.   

First Direct Essay

Q1. What is market research? Market research is a systematic inquiring that provides information to guide managerial decisions, more specifically, it is a process of planning, acquiring, analyzing and disseminating relevant data, information and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate actions, that in turn maximize business performance. In simple research is any organized inquiry carried out to provide information for solving problems. Good research should be purposeful with a clearly defined focus and plausible goals. With defensible, ethical and repeatable procedures and with evidence of objectivity. The reporting of procedures their strengths and weakness should be complete and honest. Thus, Market Research is a process used by a business to find out about its customers and its markets. Q2. Why was it necessary for first direct to understand its market in order to relaunch itself? For any business it is important to understand the market that it targets. It is essential to know about their customers which enable the organization to render better products and services to their customers. It is also important for the organization to concentrate and understand about its competitors. Any organization which lacks in the information about its customers and competitors in the market will fail to match itself in a position in related with the market scenario. According to FIRST DIRECT, it was necessary to understand its market has its customer’s perception had dipped drastically which led the company to be no-longer top-performing bank. Q3. What were the key findings from the market research? How was First Direct able to find this out? What types of market research did it use? After the market research, First Direct understood that certain % of customers had different opinions. The major finding of the research was that, they were two key customer segments with different ideas. The two key customers are existing customers (Highly loyal) and new customers (comparatively less loyal towards the bank). Other findings:- * First Direct should be highly transparent and fair towards their customers. * Organization should not hold any hidden charges (towards the customers). * First Direct should render innovative services. First Direct used various primary research methods. It also focused on secondary market research, Qualitative market research and Quantitative market research to gather the required information. Q4. What has the relaunched involved? What do you see as being the main strength and possible weaknesses of the relaunch? Relaunch involved introducing of new products and it also discontinued some of its existing services. Importantly, First Direct revitalized its brand through brand positioning (placing the product within the overall market) and product development (process of developing a product) and it is also considered in making required changes in marketing mix. It offered 24/7/365 accessibility to its customers and also used various channels to access its services. Banking process was even enabled through phone gadgets. It offered a new â€Å"1st A/C† that combines current a/c and the option of linking savings a/c. It enabled the customers to receive higher rate of interest (savings a/c) and it also introduced various new products in relate with savings a/c. Various promotional methods were taken up by First Direct to reach its customers for rendering the information. Presently, First Direct is now recapturing its distinctive reputation in the banking sector.

The Major Psychological Disorders Covered - 3588 Words

This final paper looks at summarizing one of the major psychological disorders covered in the course this semester - Thought disorder. It ‘s most commonly manifest in language (e.g. speech or writing) that is difficult to make sense of, Some people think that thought disorder is a specific problem of language and others think that it is a more general problem in semantics (meaning) that also leads to problems in making sense of non-verbal events around us. Thought disorders are conditions that affect the way a person thinks, creating a disturbance in the way a person puts together a logical sequence of ideas. It is commonly recognized by incoherent or disordered thinking, for example anyone suffering from a thought disorder may speak†¦show more content†¦Thought disorder, or thought disorganization, is a symptom of schizophrenia. Sequeira (2015) asserts that the â€Å"presence of psychotic symptoms does not indicate the presence of a formal thought disorder, but el aborates on the following to be some examples of a secondary psychotic disorders i.e. Substance induced psychosis, Organic psychosis, Bipolar disorder, Schizoaffective disorder, Psychotic depression, PTSD, Schizophrenia, Delusional disorder† I will endeavor to describe Schizophrenia, as it is understood within the field of psychology and neuroscience and review the theories of causation. I will attempt to explain the basic concepts regarding Schizophrenia and summarize the recommended treatments of Schizophrenia with basic emphasis to critic the current pros and cons on the topic Schizophrenia. I will utilize the five steps as outlined in the course syllabus for clarity and focus. Rifkin, A. (1984, p.367) claimed that â€Å"assuming that we know the causes. It is better to limit the definition to the salient features shared by all or almost all persons with the disorder. Since we know so little about the etiology of schizophrenia, or its pathophysiology, it is best to use cli nical features and some gross description of course, as is described in DSM-llI, as the definition most likely to be useful and least likely to contain wrong